Short Essays on Reading

Request Question: Does an online lone wolves degree have a similar quality as a lone rangers degree at a physical college/school? I am thinking about a couple of various experts with regards to interviews. One individual that intrigue me is Professor Leonard Albright. This is on the grounds that he shows a wide assortment of classes, which are all in training. The other individual I cam keen on meeting is Dan Robinson the chief of the instruction office at CSU.He would be worthy applicant since he manages understudies inside the division as well as branches out to different foundations of higher learning. I am likewise thinking about conversing with a specialist at the organization office. This is on the grounds that they manage approaching understudies from secondary school, yet additionally graduate understudies looking for changed sorts of training. I may likewise attempt to locate an alum of both a single men degree from an organization and an alum from an online college. This is on the grounds that they have direct encounters with the programs.The last individual I am keen on meeting is somebody who works for online training program. They have involvement in their online projects, and can give a very much definite contribution to how their understudies procure a degree. This rundown of experts are partners since they are the ones managing advanced education, and climate or not they can have enough qualified understudies that can take on the genuine word. To get in contact with these experts I will convey messages of my request question.I will likewise clarify the undertaking and why it merits their chance to address a couple of inquiry I have. A portion of the online establishments additionally have numbers where you can arrive at their laborers, teachers, and chiefs. So I will have the option to call them requesting a meeting. A portion of my inquiries will incorporate the accompanying: 1. What number of classes/as well as credits does one have to finish to gain a single men degree at your foundation? 2. Do you notice any positive or negative impacts from any of the classes offered to your understudies? . Was there any outside variables that drove understudies to resulted in these present circumstances foundation? (cash, family foundation ect.. ) 4. Do you accept that the instruction today in excessively testing, perfectly, or unreasonably simple for todays graduates? 5. What credits can move similarly to your college? (I. e online to a genuine foundation or an establishment to on the web. ) 6. Do you suggest taking school credits on the web? 7. What number of your graduated class with single guys degrees have a pay, or appropriately paying occupation in their degree?

Philadelphia Freedom Award- Fredrick Douglass essays

Philadelphia Freedom Award-Fredrick Douglass articles Philadelphia, July 3, 2002-As an understudy that has a lot to accomplish throughout everyday life, I accept that this years Freedom Award ought to be Awarded to Fredrick Douglass. Fredrick Douglass independence and bravery helped me to remember the confidence piece. Douglass was naturally introduced to servitude and transformed his life into something incredible for the future to watch. Douglas felt that bondage was unsuitable in his just as in America. He utilized this unsuitability as a main impetus to teach himself and to turn out to be free. As, a dark man of his time, Fredrick Douglass had the option to peruse and compose which made him an extremely persuasive individual. Fredrick Douglass was known as the African-American who did everything. Douglass was brought into the world a slave in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and spent his immaturity as a houseboy in Baltimore. He ran away to Massachusetts, were he started a vocation as an abolitionist subsequent to giving a significant discourse at an abolitionist show. Douglas did much through his movement to fight subjugation. Douglass utilized his abilities throughout the years to address in the northern star against bondage. He additionally helped slaves departure toward the North while working with the Underground Railroad. Douglass set up the abolitionist paper The North Star on December 3, 1847, and furthermore formed it into the most well known, compelling dark abolitionist paper distributed during the before the war time. The North Star was utilized to revile slave master, however to battle for the ladies and other persecuted gatherings. The North Star came to up to 4,000 perusers in the United Sates, Europe, and the West Indies. The North Star converged with the Liberty Party Paper of Syracuse, and renamed his paper to Fredrick Douglass Paper. Douglass gave the following multi year of his life after this energizing occasion in distributing and abolitionist magazine called Douglass Monthly. A week by week built up in Washington, D.C. to serve previous slaves. He renamed this magazine to The New Nati onal Era., and distributed it unt... <!

The True Impact Of Social Media In SEO

The True Impact Of Social Media In SEO Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The True Impact Of Social Media In SEOUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Ashutosh chauhanTopic : Social MediaShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozl0Tb CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWith the increasing use of social networking is a strategy that acknowledges the information movement greatly, the search engine optimization. The characteristics of social networks are very tempting for people who are dedicated to SEO and focus all efforts to achieve better SEO. On the one hand, have the advantage of being very low-cost compared to other advertising campaigns, especially offline.Although being present in social networks has the characteristic of requiring large and sustained efforts. The Social Media SEO as it can be deduced, is positioning optimization for search engines (Google, Yahoo!, etc..) using the profiles created on social networks. These networks are a source of very succul ent public content (i.e., more than 800 million people with a profile on Facebook).At this point we should consider five factors:1. Reduced timeParticipation in social networks is probably one of the most important aspects in developing, as it can be effective in a very short space of time.2. NicheIt is essential to a place in the niche to which we belong. With this, we will not only recognized by our customers and potential leads, but will greatly improve our SEO.3. Do naturalIt is necessary to stop thinking for a time SEO and focus on responding to the other members of our social networks , ie maintaining a fluid contact with them and let them know we’re there to provide valuable material to the community. If not, we will quickly labeled as spammers.4. Share valuable contentExchange valuable material for the community and quality content. A better SEO will be preceded by these actions, generating value for our fans. Not only improve our web positioning, but can significantly imp rove our sales to increase click through rates and conversion rates of visitors to customers.5. Social networks and search enginesIts members began to search for references to a product or service through their social networks, instead of searching Google, Yahoo! or Bing. Thus, the online reputation play an important role in our optimization.As to what measures the key SEO Social Networking attend:FacebookProfile name: In the same way that a URL is the first thing a search engine that tracks the name of the profile or fan page also affects that. It is highly recommended to acquire the Vanity URL , which is the identification name of the page (only available from 25 fans) and with which we can save the identification number that serves little purpose.RECOMMENDED : 1. Change Facebook Fanpage Vanity URL In Just 6 Steps 2. HOW TO: Change The Facebook Fan Page NameDescription: The Information/About page of Facebook is what Google gives priority and therefore we must pay attention to what we put in that little space, which is probably what appears next to the title in the search.Category: In the case of Fan pages, categories are also indexed.Fans: Provide content and facilitate interactions among fans of the page reinforces the number of links that are generated.READ7 Effective Tips For Increasing Sales With Pinterest MarketingGoogle PlusTraffic generation: Increase in visitor numbers and increased average number of new visitors (visitors who enter for the first time to our website).Technical enrichment domain authority : Get links from popular social networks like Facebook or Google Plus benefit the ranking of yours pages.Direct contact with the user (or the neighbor’s neighbor): Now the user is more than just a number in Google Analytics. The user has features that we know about him. We can communicate, even with him directly.YouTubeChannel Name: Like Facebook, the URL can also be customized, in this case from the same registration process of the channel.Video T itle: This is the key determinant of a video indexing in search engines, especially Google, because the browser is the owner of the video platform.Description: This is one of the points that go unnoticed when you upload a video on YouTube, but it is another opportunity to introduce content that is relevant external URLs that we want to position.Tags: In connection with the description, you should select the tags (labels) for which we appear, both in the internal search YouTube, such as external Web browsers.Playlists: The volume and the title and tags of videos in playlists also strengthen the position of a video or channel.LinkedinDescription: The content posted on this social network is well regarded by search engines, so you have to pay attention to what we wrote in the descriptions of business. In personal cases, it is best to update your profile and keep in mind that the last job is shown to appear in search results.Attachment: You can enter a company web and geolocation Google Maps, which obviously helps.TwitterName: We refer to the log name of the account, which is usually not the same as the user.User: The name or nickname that we believe and will appear in the URL after twitter.com/Bio: Although this information does not seem to be taken into account by search engines, if that helps users not being able to know us a better idea of who we are.Other networks and free online services like SlideShare, Foursquare, etc among others, strengthen our online presence and allow content to weave a network of public outreach own.This article is written by Asher ross. She is an Expert technical writer from UK with expertise in writing articles over Dedicated Server UK Mac OS, Apple, Mobile and UK Web hosting server technology. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

Latin America A Legacy of Oppression Essay - 2151 Words

Latin America: A Legacy of Oppression When the Europeans first arrived in Latin America, they didn’t realize the immensity of their actions. As history has proven, the Europeans have imposed many things on the Latin American territory have had a long, devastating effect on the indigenous people. In the centuries after 1492, Europeans would control much of South America and impose a foreign culture upon the already established civilizations that existed before their arrival. These imposed ideas left the continent weak and resulted in the loss of culture, the dependence on European countries, and a long standing ethnic tension between natives and settlers which is evident even to this day. The indigenous people of South America, which†¦show more content†¦The greed for gold and the race for El Dorado were the main inducements of the Spaniards who, at the peril of their lives, crossed the ocean in unfit vessels in a mad pursuit after the gold and all other precious property of the Indians† (Peace 479). The royal rulers of Spain made it a rule that nothing would jeopardize their ability to rob the land from the native people of Latin America. The missionary process, â€Å"had to be encouraged, but the missionaries could not be permitted to dominate the colony at the cost of royal rule† (Gibson 76). The European governments established missionaries to cleanse their minds of any guilt aroused by the slaughtering of innocent men, women, and children. When European â€Å"ships arrived in the 16th century to colonize the land and exploit its natural resources, they killed indigenous people and brought black slaves from Africa. Millions of indigenous people were slain and their cultures completely destroyed by the process of colonization† (Ribero). The overall devastations caused by the Christianization of the native inhabitants created a blend of cultures within the indigenous civilizations which gradually isolated old native ways into a small population of oppressed peop le. The Christianized people became a symbol of loyalty to the European powers and were left alone simply on their religious status. This long term mission of total religious replacement caused very strong and advancedShow MoreRelatedLatin America: a Legacy of Oppression2140 Words   |  9 PagesLatin America: A Legacy of Oppression When the Europeans first arrived in Latin America, they didnt realize the immensity of their actions. As history has proven, the Europeans have imposed many things on the Latin American territory have had a long, devastating effect on the indigenous people. In the centuries after 1492, Europeans would control much of South America and impose a foreign culture upon the already established civilizations that existed before their arrival. These imposed ideas leftRead MoreHegemony, Resistance, Revolt Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesThe conquest of Latin America was a fairly quick process in which the theme of hegemony was vastly prominent. The cultures of colonialism and competitive nature to obtain wealth through exploitation were the main driving force of hegemony. It is natural to exploit the people of lower class or societal rank for ones own advantage, and that is what happened. As the pressure of power and control became overbearing toward the people, resistance was sure to follo w. Looking at todays societyRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence1356 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat problem in El Salvador in the last 30 years. Gangs have grown into large, complex organized crime units; the two largest gangs, MS13 (also known as Mara Salvatrucha 13) and Barrio18 (also known as Calle18), now encompass large parts of Central America. Both gangs rely heavily on local drug-peddling, which drives most of the general gang violence. The desire for control over certain areas had forged a fierce rivalry, in which civilians are often endangered when caught in the crossfire. In 2014,Read MoreBiography Of Ernesto Che 1545 Words   |  7 Pagestravel through South America like they planned in their childhood. They spent a total of seven months traveling through Argentina, Chile, Peru, and finally Venezuela. It was during this time that he observed several things that he never experienced before. He witnessed prevalent poverty and oppression faced by the majority of people inclu ding Indians still living in many of the areas of these countries. He blamed most of these problems on capitalist misuse of South America. When Ernesto returnedRead MorePost Independence, The Western Hemisphere1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as the process of building or rebuilding state institutions to create a sustainable and legitimate state, became widespread . When Latin America got involved in nation-state building, territorial expansion brought about social issues with the lingering Spanish-Portuguese colonial influence and hierarchical distinctions based on race. Colonial legacies were partially responsible for why economic standing was associated with cultural background; this relationship contributed to conserved inequalityRead MoreThe Butterflies, By Latin American Women And Maria, Full Of Grace1128 Words   |  5 Pages In Malinche to In The Time of the Butterflies, all written by Latin American women and Maria, Full of Grace directed Joshua Marston, the women struggle with survival in various circumstances of abuse.Violence is created within patriarchal societies that sponsor inactiveness and reliance. Customary religious sophistication, where the Virgin Mary mentors, is unsure and slanted, discouraging sex and depreciatingwomen who boycott the recognized standards. Patriarchal pugnaciousness has grave psychologicalRead MoreP resident Franklin Roosevelt And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesDuring a 1928 goodwill speech in Latin America, President Herbert Hoover said, â€Å"We have a desire to maintain not only the cordial relations of governments with each other, but also the relations of good neighbors† (United States History). Hence, the Good Neighbor phrase was coined as the Coolidge Administration was criticized for armed intervention in Latin America. The Hoover Administration’s policies were created to strengthen relations with Latin America; for instance the retraction of the TheodoreRead MoreThe Participation Of The German Identity During World War II1228 Words   |  5 Pagessince the defeat of Axis powers in 1945, historians have repeatedly criticized the ex-ecutive order of Franklin D. Roosevelt that legalized racist targeting of Japanese-Americans dur-ing World War II. Due to such intense scrutiny, unfair wartime oppression against the Japanese has been widely public ized. On the other hand, forced relocation of German-Americans to in-ternment camps in Texas and other relatively rural states, often to a greater extent in its magni-tude and scope, has been disregardedRead MoreFidel Castro And His Legacy2042 Words   |  9 Pages8 Chandler Dixon English 1101 Final Paper December 13, 2016 Fidel Castro and His Legacy Was Fidel Castro the Tyrant of the Caribbean or a Great Revolutionary? With the recent death of one of the Western Hemisphere?s most recognizable rulers, the question arises as to the legacy of Castro and his Cuba. Castro is well known among the Baby-Boomers and Generation X citizens of the United States and Latin America. While in the United States we are taught one view of Castro as a tyrant, many citizensRead MoreSummary Of Writing A Case Of Reparations 946 Words   |  4 Pageswriting, A Case of Reparations, he states that reparation is a means of full acceptance of our collective biography and its consequences, and is the price we must pay to see ourselves squarely; Perhaps no statistic better illustrates the enduring legacy of our country s shameful history of treating black people as sub-citizens, sub-Americans, and sub-humans than the wealth gap. Reparations would seek to close this chasm. There are three major aspects in Coates’ article that have caught my att ention:

Company Valuation Methods. the Most Common Errors in...

Pablo Fernà ¡ndez. IESE Business School Company valuation methods. The most common errors in valuations Company valuation methods. The most common errors in valuationsâˆâ€" Pablo Fernà ¡ndez PricewaterhouseCoopers Professor of Corporate Finance IESE Business School Camino del Cerro del Aguila 3. Telephone 34-91-357 08 09. 28023 Madrid, Spain e-mail: fernandezpa@iese.edu In this paper, we describe the four main groups comprising the most widely used company valuation methods: balance sheet-based methods, income statement-based methods, mixed methods, and cash flow discounting-based methods. The methods that are conceptually â€Å"correct† are those based on cash flow discounting. We will briefly comment on other methods since -even though they†¦show more content†¦Value should not be confused with price, which is the quantity agreed between the seller and the buyer in the sale of a company. This difference in a specific company’s value may be due to a multitude of reasons. For example, a large and technologically highly advanced foreign company wishes to buy a well-known national company in order to gain entry into the local market, using the reputation of the local brand. In this case, the foreign buyer will only value the brand but not the plant, machinery, etc. as it has more advanced assets of its own. However, the seller w ill give a very high value to its material resources, as they are able to The reader interested in methods based on value creation measures can see Fernandez (2002, chapters 1, 13 and 14). The reader interested in valuation using options theory can see Fernandez (2001c). 1 2 Pablo Fernà ¡ndez. IESE Business School Company valuation methods. The most common errors in valuations continue producing. From the buyer’s viewpoint, the basic aim is to determine the maximum value it should be prepared to pay for what the company it wishes to buy is able to contribute. From the seller’s viewpoint, the aim is to ascertain what should be the minimum value at which it should accept the operation. These are the two figures that face each other across the table in a negotiation until a price is finally agreed on, whichShow MoreRelatedAccounting And Financial Methods And Tools1745 Words   |  7 PagesFirm valuation relates to accounting in that it uses a combination of both accounting and financial methods and tools. Some of the accounting tools used includes the valuation of firms’ assets, valuation of a firm’s profit and loss and also the valuation of a firm’s obligations, which are liabilities. Just like accounting, firm valuation process follows defined steps so as to arrive at the correct value of the firm that is free from errors . â€Å"There are five steps involved; preparation and planningRead MoreAccounting Research: Advantages of Cash Flow1720 Words   |  7 Pagestimes of these transactions are not recorded, however, making it very difficult to track down specific payments if errors are suspected. Likewise, the lack of tracking makes it impossible to connect specific payments with items of inventory or services that are rendered by contractors or other third parties. Being unable to track these payments can be a major disadvantage if accounting errors occur. * Offset Payment Problems- Cash flow accounting lacks dedicated departments for accounts receivableRead MoreMidland Energy Resources1118 Words   |  5 PagesMidland Energy Resources Midland Energy Resources is a fully integrated energy company with operations in EP, Refining Marketing (RM) and Petrochemicals. Capital budgeting at Midland is done using discounted cash flow method and weighted average cost of capital (rwacc). Corporate Weighted Average Cost of Capital, rwacc The primary use of the corporate rwacc is valuation (TV=FCF/(rwacc-g)). While the rwacc may be used for evaluating internal projects, the usage will be incorrect owing to theRead MoreGoing Public Offers Companies A Plethora Of Opportunities2075 Words   |  9 PagesGoing public offers companies a plethora of opportunities that the company would not have if it were to remain as a private company. One obvious advantage companies have when they go public is the immense influx of cash that they receive from the original purchasing shareholders. This large sum of cash allows the company to grow and expand their footprint through more capital projects, hiring new talent and the like. With this equity financing, the company will not have to repay the money that itRead MoreDiscounted Cash Flow Analysis - Empirical Study12804 Words   |  52 Pagespurpose of this thesis is to compare the practical use of the DCF model with the theoretical recommendations. The empirical study is based on eig ht different DCF models performed by American, European and Nordic investment banks on the Swedish retail company Hennes Mauritz (HM). These models are currently being used internally by the corresponding equity research departments to determine the fair value of the HM stock. The aspects that are studied are regarded as the basic theoretical requirementsRead MoreNet Present Value, Mergers and Acquisitions1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe net present value method is one of the useful methods that help financial managers to maximize shareholders’ wealth. The capital budgeting decision mergers Acquisitions Net Present Value Financial managers are working for the shareholders and their primary goal is profit maximization in order to maximize the wealth of the company and the shareholders. The Capital budgeting decision focuses on the net present value method, the payback periodRead MoreConcepts of Business Valuation – Critical Review of the Discounted Cash Flow (Dcf) Analysis and Its Applicability in Today’s Business World6817 Words   |  28 PagesConcepts of business valuation – Critical review of the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and its applicability in today’s business world SEMINAR PAPER Table of contents page 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................3 1.1 1.2 2. The importance of business valuation ..................................................................3 Key indicators covered in this seminar paper .............................Read MoreChapter 8 Valuation of Inventories15521 Words   |  63 PagesCHAPTER 8 VALUATION OF INVENTORIES: A COST-BASIS APPROACH IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter. TRUE-FALSE—Conceptual Answer T F F F T T F T F T T F F T T F F T F T No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Description Work-in-process inventory. Merchandising and manufacturing inventory accounts. Perpetual inventory system. Determining when title passes. Inventory errors. Overstatement of purchases and ending inventory. Period vsRead MoreCorporate Valuation5403 Words   |  22 PagesMethods of Corporate Valuation Prof. Ian H. Giddy, New York University | What is my company worth? What are the ratios used by analysts to determine whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued? How valid is the discounted present value approach? How can one value a company as a going concern, and how does this change in the context of a potential acquisition, or when the company faces financial stress? Finding a value for a company is no easy task -- but doing so is an essential componentRead MoreReal Estate Appraisal: a Review of Valuation Methods8210 Words   |  33 Pages PRACTICE BRIEFING Real estate appraisal: a review of valuation methods School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece, and Jonathan Edwards Consulting, University of Reading, UK Keywords Market surveys, Real estate, Forecasting, Estimation, Assets valuation Abstract The valuation of real estate is a central tenet for all businesses. Land

The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver - 1961 Words

The poisonwood Bible is a book about identity, growing up and family. The main characters throughout the book grow and learn to become new people through new relationships they develop while in the Congo as well as through struggles they face while in the Congo. Barbara Kingsolver uses the literary elements of plot, the characters, and point of view to develop the characterization and relationships between the Price family in the Poisonwood Bible. Throughout the book Kingsolver uses different aspects of the plot to show development of the Price family and to offer us important information about them. One of the important plot aspects that Kingsolver uses throughout the story comes during Orleanna’s point of view. Told from the present†¦show more content†¦This shows the readers how much the Congo really changed Orleanna. The fact that through the rest of the book the story is told in chronological order and then during her parts is told from after the Congo allows the story to be developed not only in a sense of what is happening now and how it affects the characters, but also allows us to understand the effects of the characters both before and after the Congo as we see with Nathan and how he was a changed man even before the Congo. Had her point of view been told in chronological order like the rest of the story we wouldn’t have seen such a development of specific characters like Nathan and even hersel f because we only would’ve know what was going on in the story and some small background information. Another plot aspect that Kingsolver uses to develop the relationships in the story is the use of a meaningful climax to change the path of the story. The climax of this story is when Ruth May dies from the Mamba snake bite. This is important to the development of the characters throughout the story because throughout the story we see that Orleanna is very complacent to Nathan and doesn’t really have a spine when it comes to protecting herself or her kids from him. Unfortunately for the family it takes on of the kids dying for Orleanna to realize that she can’t listen to him becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Cong o, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Congo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivatesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1352 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. In the beginning of The Poisonwood Bible, Orleanna introduces to the readers in a third person’s point of view, â€Å"The daughters march behind her, each one tensed to fire off a woman’s heart on a different path to glory or damnation† (5). Orleanna, a mother who lives throughout the story of The Poisonwood Bible, acknowledges how women, in great numbers, are found walking down the path of trying to be successful. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, involves the Price family of 6, whichRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible Nowadays, in today’s society, survival is considered the basic instinct of all humans. Commonly defined as the state of â€Å"continuing to live or exist, in spite of an accident, ordeal or difficult circumstance,†(Dictionary) survival teaches us the will to succeed and face adversity despite the challenges and obstacles we may encounter along the way. In Barbara Kingsolver’s novel â€Å" The Poisonwood Bible,† there is a central theme of survival. Whether it includes finding suppliesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod 2 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: 1998 Biographical information about the author (five facts): -Kingslover was born in 1955 - Throughout her life, she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. - Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. - Her work, The Poisonwood Bible, was a finalist for the PulitzerRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1241 Words   |  5 Pagespast and present known society, women have not been treated as the full equals of men. A woman s main value is to support a man, bear children, and housekeeping duties. This is how it has always been in most cultures. The novel, The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, shows the paternalistic society in which the Price family lives in. In 1959 an obstinate Baptist minister named Nathan Price drags his wife and four daughters deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightenedRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1807 Words   |  8 Pageshalf of humanity, for the benefit of all†. Feminism, the act of advocating for female rights in order for them to be equal to those of men, has been an issue for hundreds of years that is sadly lacking present-day progression. In The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingso lver, five females narrate their experiences in Congo during the sixties under not only the Belgian’s rule, but more terribly, under the tyranny of Nathan Price, a Baptist preacher on a mission to convert â€Å"arrogant† Congolese people intoRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1295 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism has been a strong and long lasting force, oppressing societies for generations on end. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is continuously affected by this concept and ideology. Throughout this story, Kingsolver manipulates each family member and individual within the book, to better show Western and European ideas and attitudes, to convey the large amount of hypocrisy, in foreigner’s actions. No one shows the oppression, inflicted upon the Congo’sRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible 1998 Historical Fiction Characteristics: Unique location, Primitivism, different ways of speaking and racial views Barbara Kingsolver Barbara Kingsolver, born in 1955, grew up in Kentucky and lived in many different countries such as : England, France, and Canary Islands. She attended Debauw University and University of Arizona where she earned a biology degree. Kingsolver now is a beloved author of eleven books and has been named the most important author of the twentieth centuryRead MoreEssay on The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver919 Words   |  4 Pagesa sure sense of self. But along with all these great things come regret, guilt, and shame of past events. Everyone deals with these in different ways, sometimes turning to religion and denial as coping mechanisms. In the novel The Poisonwood Bible, By Barbara Kingsolver, each member of the Price family deals with a personal guilt either gained while on their mission in the Congo or long before. This novel exemplifies the different types of guilt the Price family experienced throughout their stay inRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver2015 Wo rds   |  9 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, details the experiences of a missionary family in the Congo, narrated by the Price women. Multiple questions are introduced over the course of the novel, some being answered and others not so much. One important theme in the novel is the influence of surroundings on the characters, specifically Leah Price. Leah Price arguably went through the most change and development as a result of her surroundings and environment. Her moral, psychological change

A short story with a twist The Accident. Essay Example For Students

A short story with a twist: The Accident. Essay As Carol stood in the bathroom she knew what the result would be, her hands were shaking as she reached the first step of the stairs. John' she shouted. John came and stood at the bottom of the stairs with a worried look on his face Whats wrong? he asked. By now Carol had already reached the bottom of the stairs, she gulped then said in a quiet voice youre a daddy. The next nine months were to be a test of courage and strength both for Carol and John When the birth certificate came through It read: Twins born to Mr.. ND Mrs.. Walker, iris twin (Emily) born at 6:pm, 1 6th/May/1959, The second twin (Katie) born at 6:pm, 16th/May/1959. The next 18 years brought joy, sadness and grief to the Walker family. At 2 years Emily said her first word sister at 3 years Katie took her first step. It was the afternoon of 1963 the hottest day in the year, Carol was making tea in the kitchen, and John was in the back sunning himself when it happened. We will write a custom essay on A short story with a twist: The Accident. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Emily somehow opened the front door for fresh air when Katie came running by her, straight onto the road, she fell over and twisted her ankle, Just then David Burns came shooting round the corner, she screamed out for her sister but It was too late, David slammed on the brakes he was Just too slow, the last words said by Katie were Emily I love you, then he hit Katie. The worst thing was that Emily saw the whole thing, In graphic detail: she ran inside, tears streaming down her face, she ran into the kitchen Mum, Mum! Its Katie, Shes hurt Where is she? On the rood, Oh my lord Carol rushed to the back of the house He leapt out of his sent and ran on to the rood, where Katie was lying, when he held ere she was cold and blood was dripping down her head, he tried resuscitation but it just didnt work, then he Just picked her up and carried her inside. He sat there in shock. He Just kept repeating My Little girl, itll be O. K, daddies little girl Carol called 911 then sot down. Emily Just kept on crying. This went on for 2 years. She blamed herself, she opened the door, if she hadnt opened Katie would be alive. Eleven years later (1974) she got a boyfriend Anthony Phillips (contradictory to popular belief). One stormy night. The night of April 25th 1977. Emily was at home watching Count Drachma when the doorbell rang. She got up, walked over to the door, but Just as she was about to open it, the lights went out. She thought Forget the door, Id better reset the fuse. So she went into the cellar, and reset the fuse. But when she came back upstairs, she felt a breeze, she checked the back door, locked, then she came into the living room, the front door woe wide open. But I distinctly remember not opening it? she utters So she shut the door and sat back down. A few minutes later she heard a creak behind her. Whos there. No one answered, she reported the question Who is there! Then she saw the shadow. She slowly arose from her choir; rushed into the kitchen, slammed the top drawer open, took the largest handiest knife. Just then the shadow reappeared again, suddenly the fuse went out, It went dark, then the figure lurched for her, she plunged the knife in, He fell to the floor, she felt a sharp object scrape against her arm, she reset the fuse. .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .postImageUrl , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:hover , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:visited , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:active { border:0!important; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:active , .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96 .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua79f658adc5c0d78b5c63a4b1cdb3d96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teenage pregnancy EssayThen came back upstairs, it was then she realized it was Anthony. She realized He must hove come around for a chat, and the sharp object I felt, what was it? the end of the armchair. And in a state of shock she phoned the police, give me the police Department please Ill put you through DDCD answered yes. Detective Inspector Walter Charmers of the police department speaking? 1 1 1 Just killed my boyfriend within seconds the police had stormed the house. Emily was arrested: handcuffed and put in a police car. She was driven to the police station. Then she made a statement. And she thought that was it. But it wasnt. Antimonys father and mother decided to press Charges, they thought they had a good case She Just could not believe what as going on. The court dote was set for the 1 lath of October 1977. She turned up 1 oclock sharp. All rise for the honorable Judge White. She rose, the entire ordeal lasted 4 hours, with lawyers verbally bashing the truth into their liking. The Jury left the courtroom, when they re-entered, her heart was racing. 50 beats minute. We find the defendant guilty, of manslaughter and murder. The court room, went quiet apart from the sound of fear and disapproval, I sentence you to 20 years imprisonment, bang the hammer hit the stained wood. She was hauled to her cell. Dark, damp, on her right was a filthy toilet, on her left was a bed extremely uncomfortable and painful, and directly inferno of her was a badly gratified wall, She spent The next 20 years in a rotten run-down prison in scruffy cell 1 with bread nod water every day. Every week and every yew. And with, n those years her father died of cancer and her mother died in o car crash. Finally her triumph, the sweet smell of freedom, filled her lungs. She rushed home to see her parents. But they werent there, she asked her gibbers they died last year, didnt you know? she broke down into tears. she went bock home and wrote a poem: The old days are gone, and I cant bring them back When me and you were close together, All the memories I hove of you ore close to me. Mom + dad She stopped in her local shop for some flowers, but when she went to pay all she got were dirty looks from the customers and, the shopkeeper. Mr.. Jones had always been nice to me. When she paid for the flowers, Mr.. Jones seemed to snatch the money out of her hand. She walked up the street and into the cemetery. The cemetery was dark and cold and looked like it was in a world of its own. She went to the grove laid down the flowers, read the poem and buried it under the gravel, She said her last good-byes and went home, She got a bottle of 100 Aspirin and rote o note I am alone and responsible far my sisters death She lay on her parents bed, opened the bottle and swallowed. Her body began to shake tear come to her eye as she closed her eyes for the last time, sorry Sis Her arm fell off the bed. The bottle fell out of her hand. And the tear ran down her face

LTE Networks Essay Example

LTE Networks Essay LTE Networks Name: Institution: LTE Networks We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on LTE Networks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 4G is the new generation of wireless networks that has evolved from the third generation of mobile broadband communication. It is based on integrating terminals, networks and applications to fulfill increased user demand. 4G comprises LTE technology, HSPA+ and WiMax technologies. It is a general term coined by the ITU due to the advancements of the respective technologies relative to the original 3G networks. LTE systems have been designed to correct the numerous flaws related to 3G systems. The LTE systems have also been targeted to provide new services for instance; HD Video streaming and high quality voice communication. A term used to describe 4G technology is MAGIC. Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solutions and Customized personal service. LTE mobile networks are expected to provide high usability, global coverage, and easier broadband connectivity. This will make it easier for Telecom companies to expand coverage and consumption to areas previously not covered by 3G networks. High network capacity and low cost user-oriented services are also expected with the rolling out of LTE services. 4G communications are based on the Open Wireless Architecture (OWA). This will ensure that a single terminal can seamlessly connect to local high-speed wireless systems. For instance, when in homes, airports or shopping malls, the terminal can switch to present wireless LAN networks. When the user moves to a mobile zone i.e. a highway, the terminal can automatically switch to wireless mobile networks e.g. WCDMA or GPRS. Implementation of high performance 4G broadband necessitates use of multiple antennas, at the base station and subscriber module. Multiple antenna technology enables high capacities suited for multimedia applications e.g. streaming videos. These technologies also increase range and reliability of such networks considerably. OFDM is preferred to single carrier solutions in implementation of LTE networks. This is due to lower complexity of equalizers for high delay spread channels. A broadband signal is broken down into several narrow band carriers (tones). Each carrier is more robust to multi-path propagation. A cyclic prefix is added to maintain orthogonality within the tones. The prefix usually has a length greater than the expected delay spread. With proper coding and interleaving across frequencies, multi-path is transformed into an OFDM system advantage. This is by yielding frequency diversity. OFDM can be efficiently implemented by use of Fast Fourier Transform (FFTs) algorithms at both the transmitter and receiver. At the receiver, FFT algorithms reduce the channel response to a multiplicative constant, on a tone-by-tone basis. With multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), the channel response becomes a matrix. As each tone can be independently equalized, the complexity of space-time equalizers is entirely avoided. Multi-path is maintained as an advantage for a MIMO-OFDM system. This is because frequency selectivity caused by multi-path significantly improves the rank distribution of the channel matrices across frequency tones. Therefore, capacity is increased to BTS-on-a-chip or System-in-Package. Background Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become a popular technique for transmission of signals over wireless channels. It has been implemented in various ways for instance; digital audio broadcasting (DAB), digital video broadcasting( DVB-T), the IEEE 802.11a, a local area network (LAN) standard and the IEEE 802.16a, a metropolitan network (MAN) standard. OFDM is also being implemented for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). It will facilitate roadside to vehicle communications as a potential candidate for fourth generation (4G) wireless systems. The man goal in development of next-generation wireless communication systems is increasing bit-rate (link throughput) as well as network capacity. OFDM translates a frequency-selective channel into a parallel collection of frequency flat sub channels. When knowledge of a channel is available at the transmitter, the OFDM transmitter can adapt its signaling methodology to meet the channel. Since OFDM utilizes a large set of narrowly spaced sub-channels, these adaptive strategies can approach the ideal water pouring capacity of a frequency-selective channel. This is achieved by use of adaptive bit loading technologies. Here, different sized signal constellations are transmitted onto the sub-carriers. All MIMO-OFDM receivers must perform time synchronization; frequency offset estimation and correction and finally, parameter estimation. Generally, this is carried out by use of a preamble composed of several training sequences. Important improvements in throughput can be achieved when multiple antennas are implemented at both the transmitter and receiver side, especially in a rich scattering environment. This has been shown for wireless communication links in flat-fading as well as frequency-selective fading channels, multiple-transmit, multiple-receive antenna, i.e. MIMO. For portrayal purposes, the techniques can be split into two groups: space-time coding (STC) AND space division multiplexing (SDM).STC improves the performance of the communication system by coding over the different transmitter branches. However, SDM achieves a higher throughput by transmitting independent data streams on the different transmit branches and at the same carrier frequency. A potential application of the MIMO principle is the next generation Wireless-LAN technology. The current WLAN standards are IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g. These standards are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). A potential high data rate extension of these standards could be based on MIMO. This leads to the promising combination of the data rate enhancement of SDM and the high spectral efficiency and robustness against frequency-selective fading and narrowband interference of OFDM. Wireless LAN systems have various advantages. One is that they are mainly deployed in indoor environments. Such environments are typically characterized by a richly scattered multi-path Implementation Preamble W-LAN is a packet-switched system with a random access protocol. This means that a receiver possesses no prior knowledge about packet-arrival times. The random nature of the arrival times as well as the high data rates necessitate the synchronization to be completed shortly after the start of the reception of a packet. To enable ‘quick’ synchronization, the data packet is normally preceded with a known sequence known as ‘the preamble’. The preamble is carefully designed to provide enough information for efficient packet detection, frequency offset estimation, symbol timing, and channel estimation. Once there is accurate knowledge of the MIMO channel elements, the MIMO processing can separate the signal components originating from the different transmit antennas. To approximate the MIMO channel, it is necessary that the sub-channels from the TX antennas be uniquely different from the RX antennas. For that to be achieved, the preambles on the different TX antennas must be orthogonal as well as shift-orthogonal, at least for the channel length. Time Synchronization: 1.) Frame Detection/Coarse Timing: The purpose for frame detection (FD) is to recognize the preamble in order to detect arrival of a packet. This preamble detection algorithm can also be used as a coarse timing (CT) algorithm. This is because it inherently provides a rough estimate of the packet’s starting point. Different data-aided FD algorithms have been proposed for OFDM. For instance, a simple MIMO extension of Schmidl’s timing offset algorithm was proposed. All these algorithms are based n the correlation between the repeated symbols constituting the preamble. 2.) Symbol Timing: The symbol timing in an OFDM system chooses where to place the start of the FFT window within the OFDM symbol. An OFDM system exhibits a guard interval (GI), making it somewhat robust against timing offsets. Non-optimal symbol timing will result into more ISI and inter-carrier interference (ICI) in delay spread environments. This will result in a decrease in performance. C. Frequency Synchronization It is necessary for the frequency synchronization to correct the frequency offset. This is due to the difference in oscillator frequencies at the transmitter and the receiver. D. Channel Estimation When time synchronization is performed at the receiver and after the received signals are corrected for the frequency offset, the channel can be estimated using the known training symbols within the preamble. When the timing is performed correctly, it can be known which received samples correspond to the timing part. Synchronization Tracking using Pilot Sub-carriers The processing of the preamble deals with the initial synchronization of the MIMO OFDM receiver. However, it is very likely that the frequency offset will vary during the packet’s reception. This makes solely initial frequency synchronization insufficient. Furthermore, the system will experience phase noise (PN) invoked by the combination of RF oscillator and the phase-locked loop (PLL). MIMO Detection Algorithms: Once a packet is recognized and the synchronization and channel estimation are done, the FFT begins retrieving the sub-carrier signals. MIMO detection is applied to these signals on a sub-carrier basis. In terms of spatial multiplexing, the MLD-based detection algorithm PAC SOMLD executes well. MIMO-OFMD Design Constraints The key channel characteristics influencing wireless broadband systems are channel dispersion, Rician K-factor, the Doppler effect, cross-polarization discrimination, antenna correlation and the condition number. Doppler Effect: The fixed wireless channel Doppler spectrum is significantly different from the mobile channel Doppler spectrum. For fixed wireless channels, it was found that the Doppler is in the 0.1-2 Hz frequency range. It also has close to exponential or rounded spectrum shape. However, for mobile wireless channels, the Doppler can be at around 100 Hz. It also has the Jake’s spectrum. Cross-Polarization Discrimination: The cross polarization discrimination (XPD) is defined as the ratio of the co-polarized average received power P2 to the cross-polarized average received power; P. XPD measures the separation between two transmission channels that use variant polarization orientations. The larger the XPD, the less energy is coupled between the cross-polarized channels. The XPD values were found to decrease with increasing distance. Antenna Correlation: Antenna correlation plays a paramount role in single-input multi-output (SIMO), multi-input single-output (MISO), and MIMO systems. If the complex correlation coefficient is relatively high (e.g. higher than 0.7), diversity and multiplexing gains can be significantly reduced (or completely diminished in the case of correlation of 1). Generally, it was discovered that the complex correlation coefficients are low, in the 0.1-0.5 range for properly selected base station and receiver antenna configurations. Condition Number: The condition number can be described as a ratio of the maximum and minimum Eigen values of the MIMO channel matrix. Large capacity gains from spatial multiplexing operations in MIMO wireless systems are possible. However, this is only when the statistical distribution of condition numbers mostly contains low values. LOS conditions often create undesirable MIMO matrix conditions (i.e. high condition numbers) that can be mitigated by use of dual-polarized antennas. For low BTS antennas, most propagation conditions are non-LOS with a considerable amount of scattering, in which case the multiplexing gains of MIMO systems are incredibly significant. Current obstacles Despite the aforementioned improvements over traditional 3G networks, 4G (specifically, LTE) faces numerous obstacles in its implementation today. First, its throughput though advantageous, put it at a huge disadvantage. The fast speeds provided risk network congestion due to growing popularity of mobile broadband. This is accentuated by the stagnant growth in capture of spectrum capacity. Modern wireless technologies also have performance limited to signal quality. Secondly, pricing has been used as a deterrent by Telecoms companies due to network capacity constraints. A gigabyte goes for around $10. Roaming also poses a problem to LTE technologies. This is because different countries use different LTE network bands. Consequently, mobile devices will most likely fall back to 3G, which is universal. Mobile broadband is mostly consumed by smartphones and tablets. LTE chips require significantly more power than their 3G counterparts do to run. Therefore, battery life comes up as a problem in early smartphones. This is accentuated by the fact that LTE phones consume data faster than their 3G counterparts do. Disadvantages LTE has several disadvantages. One, it is very expensive to set up. For starters, it requires a lot more base stations than their LMR equivalents (Land Mobile Radio). Secondly, LTE equipment is quite expensive to purchase and deploy. It requires a very skilled to implement. Such high costs force the Telecoms operators to pass them on to their customers. To use LTE networks, it is necessary for consumers to purchase new cell phones to make use of new network infrastructure. The LTE standard currently supports only packet switching, as it is an all-IP network. GSM, UMTS and CDMA networks however, circuit-switch their voice calls. This will force carriers to re-engineer their voice call networks, further driving up LTE adoption costs. The Future Current adoption of 4G is not as widespread as 3G. However, its future is already being seen by recent developments. In January 2013, the ITU approved two new standards; LTE-Advanced and Wireless MAN-Advanced. LTE-Advanced will succeed current LTE networks while WiMax networks will be followed by Wireless MAN-Advanced. LTE-Advanced has been designed to meet the current constraints facing LTE especially carrier capacity. It will not necessarily increase consumer speeds past LTE’s 100Mbps. However, it will improve the overall experience. LTE-Advanced will also feature four or more antennas in a mobile device. This will potentially boost speeds experienced and their reliability. However, current applications may not necessitate an increase in network speeds.

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Essays

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Essays ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Paper ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV QUIZ 9A Paper Essay Topic: Poetry censure to express disapproval or condemnation divulge to reveal a secret; to make known enamor to inflame with love; to charm, fascinate feign to put on or give a false appearance of; to fabricate abate to lessen in force or intensity to be eaten away gradually, as by chemical action corrode to kidnap or unlawfully carry a person off by force abduct to add fictitious details embellish to bring peace, often by satisfying demands appease to express sympathy with another in his affliction condole spell each spoken word completely spell each spoken word politician spell each spoken word grammar spell each spoken word specimen spell each spoken word Portuguese spell each spoken word inoculate spell each spoken word playwright spell each spoken word apparatus spell each spoken word hemorrhage spell each spoken word recommend

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A simple convenient DNA collection and storage method for GWAS analysis using FTA - Essay Example Fujita (2006). It comprises of a cellulose-based matrix containing chemicals for cell lysis and nucleic acid preservation.   The chemicals are activated when a biological fluid contacts the surface.   An additional feature of this chemical treatment is bacterial and viral inactivation.   Not only are the biosamples protected from microbial growth contamination, but the user is also protected from any potential biohazards present in the biosample.   These features make FTA paper an ideal medium for transporting bioamples at room temperature without the requirement of a biohazard shipping label. FTA paper is a commonly used substrate for DNA storage in a number of industries such as pharmaceutics, law enforcement, agriculture and governmental regulatory agencies.   This medium has been available commercially for a number of years by Whatman Inc., who have demonstrated that DNA stored on FTA paper has a long, useful lifetime.   In fact, suitability for use of DNA recovered from up to seventeen year-old biosamples in human identification assays has been demonstrated, inarguably. and aniline dyes; or liver tumours and vinyl chloride). The high prevalence of limb malformations in newborns in the late 1950s was ultimately found to be due to the mothers’ ingestion of thalidomide during pregnancy. German National Ethics Council (2004). However genetic epidemiology studies not individuals but population groups. Biobanks serve as large molecular repositories where a large amount of data in the form of DNA from diverse sources can be compared. For example, the United Kingdom BioBank intends to archive the genetic material of 5,00,000 individuals as mentioned in UK Biobank literature. Large series of samples from donors (several hundred to several thousand) with a given multifactorial hereditary condition – such as hypertension, cancer, diabetes, asthma or epilepsy – are compared with corresponding series from healthy donors. The

Business Regulations and practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Business Regulations and practices - Essay Example The offeror, in this case Sullivan, may need to prove beyond any reasonable doubt that he was not in the right frame of mind when he made the offer. if he does, a court of law may render the contract invalid, otherwise it remains binding and Sullivan must sell his 40-acre tract of land to Ball for $60000 (Elliott et al 3). In contract laws, both making an offer by the offeror and acceptance or rejection of the offer by the offeree must be communicated to both parties. The offeree must receive the offer, and the offeror must receive a communication from the offeree notifying him/her or the acceptance or rejection of the offer. Chernek makes an offer to sell used farm equipment to Bollow for $10000. Bollow receives the offer, which is okay. Chernek dies before Bollow accepts the offer. Bollow accepts the offer after the offeror had died, but the Chernek is no longer living to be able to receive the acceptance. There is no valid contract in this case. Bollow must accept that there is no more Chernek to complete the contract by receiving his acceptance (Elliott et al 4). When the equipment were lost to an accidental fire disaster, and it is proven that the fire was indeed purely accidental, the contract becomes invalid because it even happened prior to Bollow sending her acceptance of the offer to Chernek. Since the equipment that would been the subject of a contract no longer exist, and they are burnt down before there is the acceptance bit of the deal, the contract is instantly rendered null and void even if Bollow sends the acceptance. Chernek died before the acceptance of the offer by Bollow. The general rule is that, if the offeror dies before the offeree accepts the contract, it remains terminated. It is evident acceptance was only communicated after Chernek’s death; hence the contract was terminated. What makes

The Agrotourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay

The Agrotourism In Malaysia Tourism Essay Agrotourism is also known as agritourism and farm-based tourism. Agrotourism is actually the collaborations between tourism and agriculture since the visitor go to travelling as tourist to enjoy, relaxation, spend time and money for joyfullness and happiness in addition to visiting agricultural area, doing agricultural-related activities like harvesting, planting, fishing, and etc. It is a form of tourism in agricultural areas such as orchards, agroforestry farms, herbal farms and animal farms. According to World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 2002) that agrotourism is part of rural tourism and relates to tourism on farms. It gives farmers the opportunities to expand their activities and also to increase their income. Agrotourism is just a small part of rural tourism and agricultural practice worldwide, excluding in some European countries such as Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland, where the number of farms that offer some form of tourism is remarkably large. Agrotourism has differe nt definitions in different parts of the world. In Italy, it refers to farmstays. However in other parts of the world, agrotourism includes a wide range of activities which comprises of buying produce direct from a farm stand, navigating a corn maze, picking fruits, feeding animals or staying at a BB (bed and breakfast inn) on a farm. Agrotourism covers a wide range of agriculture-related activities about which visitors learn and can try them out by themselves. In ASEAN countries like Thailand, rice farming, flower growing, vegetable and herb cultivation and livestock farming are some common examples of agrotourism. Agrotourists or visitors are exposed to agricultural practices in a more leisure fashion, such as by joining picturesque canal tours or strolling through shady fruit orchards (tasting the fruits right from the trees) and working in rice farms. Almost all the agricultural research and study centres scattered throughout the country are supporting the agrotourism. Visitors are allowed to tour the centres, watch the demonstrations or take part in the hands on activities. Agrotourism and ecotourism are also closely-related. Agrotourism is when a native person or locals of the area offer the tours to their agriculture farm to allow a person to view them growing, harvesting and processing locally grown foods such as coconuts, pineapple, sugar cane, corn or any produce the person would not encounter in their home country. The farmers would also offer a homestay programme and education for the visitors. Activities that usually be offered to agrotourists or visitors: Opportunities for interaction between hosts and guests (visitors) Horseback riding Demonstrating and participating in daily farm work Providing courses in organic farming and gardening Demonstrating or offering classes in making traditional local crafts Demonstrating food processing, serving typical local dishes and offering cooking lessons Organising cultural events Offering excursions to natural and cultural attractions in the surroundings Exhibitions of agrotourist products Agrotourism in many European countries consists primarily of lodging and meals on the farm. Farm buildings are often remodeled by the farm families into rustic lodging facilities, and operate them as a type of bed and breakfast (BB) inn. Some farms especially in Switzerland, do little more than clean out a barn and spread straw on the floor, upon which people roll out sleeping bags. Other farms will provide fairly upscale accommodations for the visitors. Visitors are also able to tour the farms, help out with some farm chores and have meals with the farm family. Invariably, they experience life on the farm genuinely. In England, 23% of farms provide some type of commercial leisure service enterprise such as fishing, nature trails, picnic sites and so forth whereas 24% of English farms provide overnight accommodation and/or catering (Turner and Winter, 2003). In countries like France, hikers and cyclists can follow a network of trails around the country that leads from farm to farm. In the Netherlands and some other European countries, the farmers have centralized clearinghouses for contacting and booking stays services on working farms. Agrotourism, while new to many types of American agriculture, has been a major part of the development of the American wine industry for decades. Many wineries are part of organized regional wine tours, and some special events such as concerts, festivals, and weddings are also held for attractions. And another form of agrotourism that has been around for decades is dude ranches. Dude ranches are more common in the United States and Australian Outback. It offers vi sitors the opportunity to work on cattle ranches and the chance to take part in the cattle drives. In Australia, Canada and the Philippines, agrotourism is deemed as a growth industry. Reynolds (2005) mentions that agrotourism is a type of businesses conducted by farmers whose working agricultural operations for the enjoyment and education of visitors. Since it can complement farmers income and contribute to local economic development, agrotourism is being conceptualized as a business model in terms of product diversification. Referred to as agriturismo in Italy, sleeping in the straw in Switzerland, farmstays in New Zealand, and farm holidays in England, agrotourism is well established throughout Europe and in many other countries (Rilla, 1999a). Agrotourism enterprise as a business conducted by a farm operator or farmer for the enjoyment and education of the public beside promoting the products of the farm, and generating additional farm income (Hilchey, 1993:4). Although the farmers may not always have the time, moneys and necessary skills and expertise to develop the tourism p otential of their business, agriculture and public sector tourism organizations are always promoting agrotourism (Stephen J. and Getz, Don (eds)). Trends of Agrotourism Agrotourism was recognized as a part of ecotourism formerly as both have similar principles to conduct nature attractions (Rilla 1999). Both have been identified as the fastest tourism development model in the world. They have been widely developed in developing countries as a potential development models as natural resources and support of local society economically (OTA, 1992). At the moment, agrotourism has successfully developed in many countries, for instance Switzerland, New Zealand, France, Netherlands, Australia, and Austria (Rilla 1999). In Indonesia, there are eight provinces trying to develop agrotourism such as North Sumatera with rubber and palm plantations, Riau with cacao plantations, West Java by botanical gardens, Central Java and Daerah Istimewa Yogjakarta by salak pondoh agrotourism in Sleman, East Java by sugar plantations, Nusa Tenggara Barat by Rinjani ecotourism, Middle of Kalimantan and West of Kalimantan by palm plantations. Currently, they are still simply managed with limited facilities and are not developed on community-based model, and have not been well promoted (Indonesian Agriculture Department, 2005). Previously, agrotourism attraction was only interpreted as panorama attractions and plantations area, but now agrotourism has been interpreted as a linkage system between tourism and agriculture sectors as well as a model of region development (Indonesia Agriculture Department, 2005). Application of Agrotourism Agrotourism is highly dependent on the type of agricultural activity that is practiced in that particular area. In other words, this means that not all agrotourism destinations in the world provide the same agricultural activities. So in this subtopic, we are going to introduce and discuss about some famous agrotourism destinations in our country, Malaysia. This will definitely exposed us the similarities and differences among the agrotourism destinations throughout the world. First of all, let us look at Malaysias agrotourism spots. There are some famous examples of destinations such as: (i) Cameron Highland (ii) Taman Pertanian Sabah (iii) Parit Jawa Johor (i) Cameron Highland Cameron Highlands is Malaysias premier hill resort. Located in the state of Pahang, on the Main Range of Peninsular Malaysia, at 1524m above sea level, it is the largest of the Malaysian hill resorts. Much of its appeal lies in the net sprawling tea plantations which date back to 1929, as well as terraced flower gardens, strawberry farms, orchard and vegetable gardens. Being a popular hill resort, Cameron Highlands is well-developed with visitor amenities, tourist attractions, activities and a range of accommodation for a comfortable, leisurely holiday in cool invigorating climate. The cool climate which never ranged more than 20 degree Celsius, along with its fertile soil also attracts tourist from various places. Initially, the virgin jungle cleared for cultivation of tea bushes. Thus began Boh Estate, the first highland tea plantation in the country. Subsequently, other tea estates were opened, among them, the Blue Valley and Bharat plantations. The highland was also found to be conducive for the commercial cultivation of vegetables, flowers and fruits such as oranges and strawberries. The increasing popularity of Cameron Highlands in recent years has attracted the development of more tourism facilities and spots to cater to the growing number of visitors. The practice of agrotourism can be observed in various agricultural places which is well equipped with facilities in Cameron Highlands. This is important as the combination of both agriculture and tourist attraction forms agrotourism. There are many activities and places to be visited in Cameron Highlands in the context of agrotourism such as: (a) Sungai Palas Tea Estate It is one of the four tea states on the highlands, also produces the world famous BOH TEA. Tourists may travel 1 km into this estate where the factory is located. Resident guides will introduce the complex processes involved in the production of fragrant tea. These include the picking of tea leaves and the intricate art of brewing a good cup of tea. Tourists can even purchase some tea, the main produce of the highland, as a souvenir. (b) Apiary- Honeybee Farm Apiary- Honeybee farm is a small cottage industry for the production of honey. It is a garden ere some 25 varieties of flowers have been cultivated not for sale, but as a food supply for honey bees in search of nectar and pollen. Honey, believe it contain amazing ingredients for treating ailments such as insomnia, lethargy, skin diseases and even impotence. (c) Strawberry Farm Strawberries are another unique and proud product of the Highlands, seen as a trademark of the hill resort. The variety is known as FRESNO. Tourist will not leave the farm without a jar of strawberry jam. (d) Flower Nurseries Fresh flowers are cultivated in the highlands and are a leading export. Most of the flowers are grown in Brinchang. Bloom like roses, chrysanthemum, carnations, dahlia, geranium and everlasting flowers are grown in the nurseries. No visit to the highlands is complete without purchasing some of these colourful cuts to take back home. (e) Vegetable Farm Cameron Highlands is the nations prime producer of fresh vegetables, with some of the produce exported to neighbouring countries. Most of the vegetable farms can be spotted from the road along Brinchang to Tringkap. Cabbages, cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots, leeks, parsley and pepper are grown here. Purchases can be made at the vegetable stalls. (ii) Taman Pertanian Sabah Taman Pertanian Sabah is part of the 1500 acres of the Agriculture Research Station, Lagud Sebrang Tenom which is administered and owned by the Agriculture Department Sabah. It is a complex consisting of the Agriculture Research Station, Seed production Centre for Cash Crop, Farmers Training Centre and Taman Pertanian Sabah itself. The Park sprawled over an area of 500 acres. The park was first opened to visitors in October 2000, and was officially launched by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad on the 25 March, 2001. With its rich biodiversity, the Park has a magnificent collection for indigenous and introduced plants species. It is also a conservation centre for native Orchids of Borneo. This park would become a heritage for the next generation and this will help to educate people in nature conservation and the preservation of natural rainforest through cultivation of trees, shrubs, plants and flowers. The lush greenery, multitude species of plants or flowers of endemic to Borneo Island and very rare, panoramic view of the lakes, captivating landscaped gardens provide an excellent base to expand your knowledge and ideal environment for those who seek peace, quiet and tranquility away from stressed and urban noise. This park also provides a great trekking ground as well as nature walks and jungle activities. The park is blessed with Mother Natures treasures. The park is a showcase of integrated activities carried out by all the Departments and Agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture Development and Food Industry. It also serves as a training and education centre for agriculture, horticulture, apiculture, seed production, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry. It is divided into four key areas: (a) Agriculture This included Living Crop Museum, Demonstration Farms, Agro forestry, Bee Centre and Germplasm collection. (b) Horticulture This include Native Orchid Centre, Hybrid Orchid, Evolution garden, Model Garden and Ornamental Garden (c) Animal Husbandry This included Animal Park and Animal Farm. (d) Fisheries This included Freshwater Fishing. Objectives of Taman Pertanian Sabah are firstly, as a major Agrotourism centre in the state. Secondly, to provide demonstration farms for Agricultural activities, Animal breeding and Fisheries. Thirdly, to serve as a centre for training and demonstration on Agriculture, Horticulture, Fishery, Apiculture, Seed Technology, Forestry and Animal Husbandry. Next is to provide facilities for nature-based recreational activities and the final objective is to promote awareness and love for nature. (iii) Parit Jawa Johor The following agrotourism destination that i recommended is a place which situated On the western coast of Johor, lies a small town called Parit Jawa. The main attraction here especially during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife. Despite the busy river mouth near the jetty the bird fauna seems unperturbed. The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants of the family of Storks, by sheer virtue of their endangered status and size. Standing at 120 cm tall, with a white body and dark grey wings this species is unmistakable. Its head is virtually bald, apart from a sparse covering of fine hair-like feathers. There are only 2000 odd numbers left in the world and its cousin, the Greater Adjutant, not found in Malaysia, is critically endangered with only 500 odd left in the wild. To be able to sight these amazing prehistoric looking birds is worth the weekend to this classic, pre-war-looking town of Parit Jawa. Birdlife The main attraction of Parit Jawa, especially during the October-March migration season, is the birdlife.  Though there is a regular traffic of fishing boats winding its way through the muddy channels, and though there are local people going about their business near the jetty the bird fauna seems unperturbed.  The most noticeable of the birds are the Lesser Adjutants, by sheer virtue of their size.  Standing at 120 cm tall, with a white body and dark grey wings this species is unmistakable. Comically, its head is virtually bald, apart from a sparse covering of fine hair-like feathers.  Ã‚   Active during the day, these storks feed on fish and amphibians such as the Crab-eating Frog. Once seized, the prey is subjected to a series of stabs with its powerful beak, before being swallowed whole.  At nights the storks roost in mangrove trees along the coast.   Nesting occurs mainly during the dry season, either in small colonies or as single nests.     Ã‚  Other shorebirds not commonly seen in Malaysia but which may be sighted at Parit Jawa include the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, the Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata and the Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes.  Ã‚   Egrets and smaller herons are easily seen, including the Chinese Pond Heron Ardeola bacchus.  The Striated Heron Butorides striatus is very common, and is often seen perched close to the jetty or stalking small fish around the moored fishing boats.   Flocks of terns are often seen following fishing vessels back to harbour, swooping down to pluck small fish from the waters churned up by the boats propellers.   Kingfishers are common too, including migrants such as the Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis and the Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata; there are numerous sticks or posts close to the jetty where they like to perch.  Ã‚   Fishing Village For visitors unfamiliar with the laid-back charms of rural Malaysia the fishing village of Kuala Parit Jawa serves as a fine example.   The tidal inlet is crowded with wooden vessels which fish the muddy waters of the Straits of Malacca, and there are a number of open-air seafood restaurants specialising in spicy fish recipes.   Add to that a couple of brightly coloured Chinese temples and modest Malay kampung houses surrounded by banana, papaya and durian orchards and you have a scene of rural tranquility. Mud and Mangroves Beyond the rickety wooden jetty at the mouth of Kuala Parit Jawa is a wide expanse of mud, which is  exposed at low tide.   The coastal mudflats of the Straits of Malacca are rich in organic content, supporting an abundance of invertebrate life including worms, snails, bivalves, crabs and prawns.   In turn these food groups support a rich web of higher species including fish such as mudskippers, reptiles such as water snakes and monitors, and a wide range of bird species.  Ã‚  Mammals too live in the adjacent mangroves; groups of  Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis regularly venture out of the mangroves and onto the mudflats, probably to feed upon crabs hence their other name Crab-eating Macaque.   The Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea can also be sighted here.   Implications of Agrotourism Agrotourism has contributed much to both the economic and social sector in our country development. However, there are positive and negative implications of agrotourism. First of all, agrotourism contributes lots in improving the economy of the local communities. When we are promoting about agrotourism, we are actually promoting both the agriculture and tourism as they are combined in this sector. Places of agriculture will sell the products and induce the tourism of the place at the same time. As a result, tourists will buy the agriculture products and spending for tour cost such as accommodation as well. Besides, agrotourism will help to increase the value of the village. For instance, the residents can provide home stay-themed-accommodation for the tourists. Home stay is a form of program that allows the tourists to live with a local family to experience their lifestyle. Besides this program, by spending on the service provided or products bought, the tourists can increase the incomes of the residents in rural area. This additional income will help to raise the status of the residents. Thus, the poverty rate in rural area can be decreased. Other  opportunity  generated from agrotourism is providing local employments. The residents of rural area, especially the youths, can work on accommodation service, tour guide service, restaurant or handicraft industry. This will decrease the migration of youths to cities. Thus, agrotourism helps improving the social situations, particularly poverty alleviation, decreasing unemployment and declining urbanization. Generating agrotourism-related businesses  is the most potential opportunity of agrotourism development. Due to the increasing amount of the tourists, traditional cakes or chips are produced in order to introduce the local food to them. In the handicraft industry, souvenir such as batik and canes products are made to sell to the tourists. To maintain the amount of visitors, agricultural product improvements and stimulations of tourism-related  enterprises are done. Last but not least, abandoned land can be developed in the practice of agrotourism. The development of agrotourism brings about the utilization of lands. These lands can turn out to be a new tourist attraction spot. They can be used as aquaculture rearing, orchard farm or recreational park. Nevertheless, agrotourism has its negative effects towards the environment when it is over-developed. Climatic change is one of the major problems which the agrotourism sector caused. Recently, we can see the global temperature is increasing drastically from year to year. The best example is Cameron Highland, a place that practice agrotourism. It was known as a cold place but now, the temperature is actually increasing. This has caused the crop yield of the agriculture products such as vegetable and fruits to decrease because these plants are only suitable in temperate condition. Another negative effect that we can see is the pollution problem. Extensive agrotourism activities have released polluting by-products which results in environmental problems. The increasing number of tourists causes air pollution in a particular area as they using vehicles which release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These polluting gases are emitted into the atmosphere and translate into the acid rain. Acid rain has adverse affect on the plants, fresh water and soil because it can kills some of the living organisms. Besides, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides also result in soil pollution. Excessive use of chemical pesticides which exceed permissible limit causes undesirable health effects and reduces biodiversity. Continuous use of fertilizer that contains heavy metals such as cadmium in phosphate rocks will pollute the soil and render the crops to be toxic. When the rain falls, the pollutants in soil will be brought to the river along with the rain, which will then cause water pollution. In addition, increases in use of chemical fertilizer results in higher level of nitrates being washed from the soil into the water ecosystem. This causes an excessive enrichment of the water, eutrophicaton, leading to rapid algal growth that creates oxygen deficit and killing of aquatic life. This chain reaction will further affect our ecosystem and biodiversity. When agrotourism is allowed to develop without proper planning, deforestation might happen. As this sector is growing rapidly, more and more land is required. So, the limited availability of land will lead to deforestation. Deforestation will brings to decrease in the wildlife population and at a more critical state, the biodiversity of the area will be affected. Consequently, there will be agricultural mismanagement which results in less arable land for agriculture and at the meantime, affect the agrotourism sector. Constraints of Agrotourism Lack of promotion is another constraint of agrotourism. Advertisement related to agrotourism is not established to a wider range of places. People will not have much information about the agrotourism places. Besides, the pamphlets that provide incomplete information will confuse the tourists. The information given may not be interesting or fascinating enough to attract the tourists. Furthermore, many places are lack of tour guides to introduce the places to the tourists. These will deter them from visiting the agrotourism spot. The authorities should promote the uniqueness of each village to strengthen the destination by combining with other related activities to reach the goals of agrotourism. Facilities also play an important role in the development of agrotourism. The hardest barriers of agrotourism development are inadequate infrastructures, limited public facilities and imperfect human resource skills. It will be a trouble when the facilities such as transportation, hotel and toilet do not fulfill the tourists demands. Another problem in agrotourism is insufficient government supports. Due to the small amount of governmental expenditure on research and development of agrotourism, technical assistance and support, as well as agro-marketing, agrotourism always faces problems in developing. Government empowerment, investment in agricultural sectors, infrastructure development, human skill improvement, public facilities development, and local communities empowerment and involvement need to be immediately committed to apply an ideal agrotourism. Besides, the younger generation is the important factor in the development of agrotourism. However, they are not concerned and interested about the greenery. From their point of view, agrotourism spot is not an interesting place to travel and it is not worth to go for such an unmemorable and uncomfortable trip. Water World or Extreme Park will draw more attention from them. Also, they are not interested to work in the agrotourism sector. Fresh graduates are not enthusiastic about the job in agrotourism as they thought it is not well-paid compared to the professional sector. As a consequence, there is no new generation to take over this sector. Lastly, scarce investment is a big problem for agrotourism sector. It is more risky to invest in this sector compared to the other sectors which are stable in development. Investors are less likely to invest in agrotourism as this sector is not a popular trend in the world yet. All in all, the government, non-governmental organizations, and even the people of our country should do their best to contribute to agrotourism. The government should not just fork out money in maintenance. Instead, they should find alternatives in supporting the development of agrotourism. Solutions to solve the constraints and implement to improve this sector should be their priority concern. Ways to Improve Agrotourism In Malaysia Agrotourism and homestay programmes provided opportunities for local involvement and additional sources of income. A total of 19 agro-tourism locations were developed with the participation of farmers and fishermen during the Seventh Plan period. The products included day visits, farm-stay and agro-tourism packages. Agrotourism is rapidly carving a niche in Malaysia, especially as the country has a wealth of products to offer locals and visitors alike. Agricultural tourism, as it is formally known, helps by improving incomes and economic potentials of small farms, rural communities and agro-based ventures throughout the country. Visitors can also help with the locals daily chores, feeding the ducks, tending to the vegetables and see how the local communities thrive in todays fast-paced world. There are also homestays where visitors can discover more of local agrotourism practices. There are also fruit farms and parks where locals and visitors can learn more of agroutourism in Malaysia. In Malaysia, an agriculture park measuring over 10000 hectares has been opened, showing visitors how Malaysian agriculture has developed. For example, Cameron Highland located at Pahang and Dusun d Paradise that is situated in Melaka. These places have become tourist hotspot as it offer variety of activity and different experience for tourist. Malaysia Agriculture, Horticulture and Agrotourism ( MAHA ) is the main organization that promotes the practice of agrotourism. Today, the industry is still growing and need a lot of improvement to achieve optimum benefit. Supportive government policies are one of the ways of improvement. It maintains a business environment with oppurtunities for growth and profits have made agrotourism in Malaysia an attractive sector. The private sector in Malaysia is encouraged to become partners with the public sector in achieving the nations development objectives. Governments commitment to maintain a business environment should be the main objective that provides companies with the opportunities for growth and profits. Government can also pay constant feedback from the business community through channels of consultation such as regular government- private sector dialogues. These allow the various business communities to air their views and to contribute towards the formulation of better agrotourism. Air, land and sea transportation will be continuously upgraded to facilitate accessibility and the growth of the tourism industry. The comfort, safety and security of tourists are crucial for the success of the agrotourism industry. The government will increase security patrols, especially in remote tourist resorts, to ensure the safety of tourists. At the same time, adherence to safety measures in the transportation of passengers by road, rail, sea and air will remain a top priority. Operators, guides and instructors in the tourism business will need to be more conscious of the well-being of tourists and strive to ensure their comfort and safety. In addition, further efforts will be made to provide tourists with quality goods and services at reasonable prices. Over the years, extensive promotional campaigns have been engineered both locally and overseas to attract tourists from around the world. Despite the economic slowdown, the tourism industry remains strong. Today, Malaysia is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Asia. This will allow the agrotourism industry to continuously expanding. Government must take initiative, which are undertaken by its official tourism promotional board, Tourism Malaysia. This will create potential investment opportunities in many areas. Tourism Malaysia has established video clips in local television programme to promote agrotourism. Stable political condition is also essential for marketing in agrotourism even for major tourist attractions. Government should ensure the political condition is always stable so as to allow the continuous of tourist flowing into the country, thus promoting agrotourism. Besides that, this will make investor feel secure and allow them to expand the field safely. Malaysia government should offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at costs competitive with the other countries in Asia. This will allow the investors to develop and practice agrotourism in a more convenient way. Thus, this will attract more investors to develop in Malaysia and directly contribute to the countrys economy. The investors also need to play their role to improve the practice of agrotourism. They should provide better infrastructure for their customers such as transports, accommodations and catering facilities. They must provide good transport links because even attractive regions can be almost impossible to market for tourism if they are not accessible from the population centres. Investors should ensure that the agriculture they planted must be in healthy condition and always fresh to attract more people to come and have a tour. Investors can cooperate with government to create partnership with travel agency of other country to promote local agrotourism. Tour agency can provide attractive tour packages and promotion for the tourist where is the investor will give cheaper price for the agent. This is a form of symbiosis interaction between the tour agent and investor. Both parties will get benefit from the interaction. Investor must provide wide d

Food as Sign and Code :: Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz Semiotics Essays

Food as Sign and Code What do you think of when you see or smell your favorite food? On one hand the sight or smell of that food might trigger hunger, or even a memory of the last time you shared that meal with a loved one. The point is, the smell or sight of our favorite food would trigger a different thought or feeling in each of us. This is an example of Semiotics. Semiotics is defined as "anything that can stand for something else." Roland Barthes was one of Europe's most renowned theorists of semiology. Barthes believed that in order to generate a complete sign, there were two parts that have to work together. These two parts are known as the signifier and the signified. A good example of this is your favorite food you thought of earlier, it would act as a signifier, and the thought that came to your head when thinking of this food would act as the signified. Together they create a sign. This is just a simple example of a complete sign. In her book Semiotics and Communication: Signs, Codes, Cultures, Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz describes the wide use of food as signs, and also as social codes. The reason foods are so useful as signs and social codes is because they are separable, easily adaptive to new environments, and it is not difficult to cook, or eat for that matter. Food is a major part of our daily lives, Not only for survival, but it plays a substantial social role in our lives. We will look deeper into the semiotics of food, how food is used as identity markers, and also the role that foods play in social change in our lives. First let us start with the semiotics of food. Food as Semiotics Food is very accessible. Therefore, it has been one of the top choices used in explaining semiotic theory. An important contributor to the semiotics of food is Mary Douglas. She applied her assumptions of semiotics of food as a social code. Douglas and her assistant generated a hierarchical description of the events when people take food. This description is listed below. 1. Food Event-- it is the most general; it refers to an occasion when food is taken, without prejudice as to whether it constitutes a meal or not. 2. Structured Events-- this refers to social occasions that have been thoroughly organized.

Major Changes In The Way Sociologists Have Understood Religion During The 20th Century

The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observances of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meanings that reflect the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion is a sacred engagement with that which is believed to be a spiritual reality.Religion is a worldwide phenomenon that has played a part in all human culture and is so much broader, more complex category than the set of beliefs or practices found in any single religious tradition. An adequate understanding of religion must take into account its distinctive qualities and patterns as a form of human experience, as well as the similarities and differences in religion across human cultures. According to antiquity o f religious study, the first Western attempts to understand and document religious phenomena were made by the Greeks and the Romans.As early as the 6th century BC, Greek philosopher Xenophanes noted that different cultures visualized the gods in different ways. In the following century, Greek historian Herodotus recorded the wide range of religious practices he encountered in his travels, comparing the religious observances of various cultures, such as sacrifice and worship, with their Greek equivalents. Roman historians Julius Caesar and Cornelius Tacitus similarly recorded the rites and customs of peoples that they met on their military campaigns. By the end of the 19th century, scholars were making religion an object of systematic inquiry.German scholar, Friedrich Max Miller’s comparative approach, that every religion possessed some measure of truth, was adopted in many European and Japanese universities. In addition, field anthropologists had begun to compile firsthand ac counts of the religions of people who previously had been dismissed as savages. The study of tribal religions contributed a great deal to the general analysis of the role of religion in human societies. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, scholars had begun to pose basic questions about the origin and development of religious ideas.Scholars questioned how religion began and the stages of its evolution. Some maintained that it originated with animism (belief in spirits), then evolved into the notion that there were many gods (polytheism), and ultimately emerged as the ideal of a single god (monotheism). Others held that religion began in a sense of awe at the impressive activities of nature, in a feeling of reverence for the spirits of the dead, or in an attempt to overcome mortality. Many other important questions about the nature of religion were addressed during this period: Can religion be divided into so-called primitive and higher types?Is religion a product of psycholog ical needs and projections? Is it a function of political and social control? Such questions have continued to generate a large number of theories. Romanian scholar Mircea Eliade, who taught at the University of Chicago from 1957 to 1985, emphasized that religious people experience the ordinary world differently from non-religious people because they view it as a sacred place. In Eliade’s view, believing in the divine foundations of life, transforms the significance of natural objects and activities.He believed that for the homo religious (Latin for â€Å"religious man,† a term used by Eliade to designate a person who lives according to a religious worldview), time, space, the earth, the sky, and the human body can all come to have a symbolic, religious meaning. Like Rudolf Otto, Eliade held that the study of religion must not reduce to something merely social or psychological, but must take seriously the idea that in the believer’s world the experience of sacre dness defines a distinctive reality. Modernity has posed acute challenges to traditional religions.In the 1906s membership in mainstream Christian denominations began to decline, and candidates for the priesthood were less numerous. For a large number of people in modern societies, religion is neither good nor bad but simply irrelevant, given the many alternative ways to find meaning in various forms of cultural pursuits, ethical ideals, and lifestyles. These challenges to religion are partly a result of the prestige of science. The sciences describe a universe without reference to deities, the soul, or spiritual meaning.In addition, critical studies of biblical history have demonstrated that the Bible is not unique among ancient religious and historical documents. For example, the biblical stories of the Garden of Eden and the Deluge (universal flood) are common to other ancient Middle Eastern religions. Other factors that have contributed to a decline in religious participation in the 20th century include the presentation of religion as a prescientific form of superstitious thinking, as a source of political control and divisiveness, as a confirmation of established patriarchal values, or as an emotional crutch.In addition, many families are no longer able to maintain stable religious traditions because they are disconnected from traditional, supportive religions or as a result of mixed or nonreligious marriages. Another influence has been the loss of community and social commitment that has followed in the wake of increased mobility. Frequent changes of location can result in a sense of impermanence or instability. This is particularly true of a move from town to city, which often results in the loss of stable community structure.Social uprooting can lead to religious uprooting because religious affiliation is closely related to social ties. Evangelicalism in its various forms, including fundamentalism, offers a different response to modernity. Conservative movements, which have appeared internationally in every major religious tradition, have gained vitality by protesting what they see as the conspicuous absence of moral values in secular society. In times of anxiety and uncertainty, such movements present scripture as a source of doctrinal certainty and of moral absolutes.Against the secularism of the day, evangelical movements have succeeded in creating their own alternative cultures and have acquired considerable political influence. For all its challenges to the traditional religious identity, modernity has at the same time created new spiritual opportunities. Thousands of new religious movements emerged in the 20th century, offering alternative forms of community to people otherwise removed from past associations and disenchanted with modern values.Collectively, these new religions offer a large number of options, and addressing virtually every conceivable type of spiritual need. In a sense, modernity has created needs and probl ems for which new movements are able to present them as solutions. Some offer ethnic revitalization; others, techniques of mediation and self-improvement; and still others, have the power of alternative or spiritual forms of healing. Buddhist- and Hindu-derived movements continue to have considerable followings among Westerners searching for truths beyond Judeo-Christian tradition.Further, in a world where home life has become less stable, an international movement such as the Unification Church emphasizes the holiness and divine restoration of the institution of the family. Currently, one of the most rapidly growing religious movements is Pentecostalism, which takes its name from the festival day when the first Christian community felt the power of the Holy Spirit pour out on them. Pentecostalism’s grass roots services provide direct, ecstatic spiritual experiences.A quite different but also widespread form of spirituality is that of the so-called New Age Movement, which off ers individuals the opportunity to reconnect with mystical dimensions of the self and thus with the wider cosmos-relationships that are typically obscured by secular culture and often are not addressed in biblical traditions. In summary, there have been many changes in the way religion is viewed in the 20th century, in all aspects of sociological templates, that is, historical, structural, cultural, and critical aspects.